Ramps and stairs

Equal access
Requirements for the integration of equal access for all users
The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) defines ‘premises’ as the whole of the built environment and includes existing buildings, new or proposed buildings, transport systems, car parks, pathways, and public parks and gardens.
Note: Consult an access consultant accredited by the Association of Consultants in Access Australia (ACAA).
Elements required for equal access
- Ramps are to be designed to AS 1428.1:2009 Design for access and mobility.
- Ramps and stairs require tactile ground surface indicators (TGSI) at upper and lower landings (with the exception of compliant kerb ramps).
- Stairs to be designed to AS 1657:2013 Fixed Platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders – Design construction and installation, for use by operating/inspection/maintenance personnel.
- All stairs rises and goings must be a uniform dimension (BCA maximum tolerance 5.0 mm in rise and going through any flight of stairs) as differing rises and goings distances can create a trip hazard.
- Where stairs are installed, alternate ramp access is also required (where practicable).
- Terminate stairs and ramps a minimum 900 mm back from any perpendicular path of travel so that handrail ends and TGSI do not protrude into the path of travel.
- A risk assessment is to be carried out for handrails that are near any road edge, where there is potential for it to become a ‘spearing hazard’ in the event of a accident.
See Figure 16: Typical ramp termination at a structure.
Note: Ramps and stairs that require TGSI should be constructed so that the handrail terminations and TGSI do not protrude into a path of travel.
Figure 16: Typical ramp termination at a structure

Visual/sensory wayfinding
- For people with a vision impairment, provide a minimum 30% luminance contrast between objects and the background they are viewed against, for ease of identification.
- Where luminance contrast may not be achieved (such as grey aluminium furniture on grey concrete), luminance contrast can be addressed by introducing colour into the ground surface providing a minimum 30% luminance contrast with the embellishment base, resulting in the embellishment being more visible for people who have low vision.
- Where the ramps or stairs are predominantly in shade, consider the use of high visibility painted components or high visibility tape on handrails to increase awareness for people with vision impairment.
- Paint, tape or integrated high visibility colour treatment to handrail ends to improve visibility.
See LIM Tactiles for further guidance.
This component is currently in development